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Cover of Engineering the Context Window by Vishal Rajpurohit.
Context & Memory Free to read · Open access · 12 of 12 chapters

Engineering the Context Window

Retrieval, memory, and the working set a model actually reasons over

The context window is the one surface you fully control, so most problems blamed on model quality are context-assembly problems.

Retrieval, memory, compaction and ordering are usually built by different people at different times, and then the result is judged as though the model were the variable. This book treats them as a single system for deciding what the model sees: an evidence pipeline feeding a budgeted, ordered window, with provenance, freshness and access control surviving all the way into the prompt. It also takes the long-context argument seriously, since long windows did kill lazy retrieval, and gives you the tests that show which parts of your own pipeline are now redundant.

What it makes operable

  1. 01

    Decide retrieval versus long context on corpus size, freshness, access control and cost

  2. 02

    Run lexical and vector retrieval together and fuse them by rank rather than score

  3. 03

    Assemble a window under an explicit token budget, with decisive evidence out of the middle

  4. 04

    Write a memory policy that holds up when the evidence is untrusted or poisoned

Contents

12 of 12 published

Every chapter is free to read in the browser, cites its own sources, and stands on its own if you came for one decision rather than the whole argument.

  1. 01 Context Is the Only Thing You Control The surface you own, as against the weights you do not. 11 min
  2. 02 What Long Context Fixed, and What It Did Not Mid-window accuracy loss and cost per query, measured on your own corpus. 10 min
  3. 03 Retrieval as an Evidence Pipeline The stages, contracts and failure points between a query and a supported claim. 10 min
  4. 04 Lexical and Vector Retrieval, Together Why exact identifiers still need BM25, and how to fuse two ranked lists. 10 min
  5. 05 Rerankers and the Cost of Being Sure Spending cross-encoder time only where it changes the evidence set. 10 min
  6. 06 Chunking Is a Document-Modelling Problem Segmenting on structure so a claim keeps the qualifier that bounds it. 10 min
  7. 07 Assembling the Window: Order, Budget, Compaction A token budget per section, an ordering rule, and compaction you can reverse. 10 min
  8. 08 Memory: What to Write, What to Forget A write policy for durable facts, with provenance and a TTL on every record. 10 min
  9. 09 Provenance, Freshness, and Access Control Inside Context Keeping who-may-see-this and how-old-is-this attached to the evidence itself. 10 min
  10. 10 Poisoned Memory and Untrusted Evidence Treating retrieved text, including your own memory, as attacker-controlled input. 10 min
  11. 11 Measuring Context Quality Independently of the Model Scoring the window so a bad answer can be blamed on the right stage. 10 min
  12. 12 Migrating a RAG System Into a Context System The order of operations for rebuilding a plateaued pipeline in place. 10 min

In the age of AI

The advantage was never the model. It's knowing what to build with it and having a team that can actually ship it.

That's the part I help with: finding where AI genuinely makes your business faster, deciding what's worth building, and standing behind it once it's live.

Four offices, one very full passport

Every dot on this map is a conversation I still remember.

World map showing ViitorCloud offices in Ahmedabad, Zürich, Washington D.C. and Port Louis, and the countries where Vishal Rajpurohit has spoken and travelled
Germany
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Spain
Japan
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Turkey
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France
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Mexico
Qatar
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New York, USA
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Los Angeles, USA
Ahmedabad, India — headquarters
Zürich, Switzerland
Washington, D.C., United States
Port Louis, Mauritius
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